Worksheet VIII: Autonomic
Nervous System
1. The ANS regulates activities of ______________ and _______________
muscles and _________________.
2. The ANS is: ____________________ (entirely motor/entirely
sensory/both sensory and motor).
3. Identify the specific division (somatic efferent or autonomic) based
on the statements given below.
a. Effector is skeletal muscle.
___________________________
b. Always excitatory action on effector.
___________________________
c. Single motor neuron from CNS to
effector. ___________________________
d. Neurotransmitters are ACh and NE.
___________________________
e. Mostly involuntary.
___________________________
4. The two principle subdivisions of the ANS are:
___________________________
___________________________
5. The ANS almost always
consists of __a__ (number) motor
neurons. The __b__ neuron runs from the CNS to a ganglion while
the __c__ neuron runs from the ganglion to an effector.
Sympathetic __b__ neurons have cell bodies that originate in the __d__
gray horn from beneath the twelve __e__ vertebrae and first or second
__f__ vertebrae. Sympathetic __c__ neurons originate in
__g__ ganglia that run parallel on either side of the vertebral
column or in __h__ ganglia that are located anterior to the spinal cord
close to abdominal arteries. Parasympathetic __c__ neurons begin
in __i__ ganglia and terminate on or within the effector.
Sympathetic __b__ neurons that reach a __g__
ganglion may follow one of 4 pathways. First, the __b__ neuron
may __j__ with a __c__ neuron in the __g__ganglion adjacent to its
source of origin. The __c__ nerve fiber will then pass out the
__k__ (3 words) that leads into the __l__ nerve and ultimately goes to
a(n) __m__ (peripheral/internal) effector. Second, the __b__
nerve fiber may pass thru the adjacent __g__ ganglion and __n__
(ascend/descend/ascend or descend) to another __g__ ganglion and __j__
with a __c__ neuron. The __c__ nerve fiber will then pass out the
__k__ (3 words) that connects to the __l__ nerve and ultimately goes to
a(n) __o__ (peripheral/internal) effector. Third, the __b__ nerve fiber
passes thru the __g__ ganglion and becomes the __p__ nerve before
synapsing in a __h__ ganglion. From the __h__ ganglion, the
__c__ nerve fiber goes to a(n) __q__ (peripheral/internal)
effector. Finally, a small percentage of __b__ nerve fibers pass
thru the __h__ ganglion without __j__ and directly innervate the
__r__ (2 words).
a. ___________________________
k.
____________________________
b. ___________________________
l.
____________________________
c. ___________________________
m.
___________________________
d. ___________________________
n.
___________________________
e. ___________________________
o.
___________________________
f. ___________________________
p.
___________________________
g. ___________________________
q.
___________________________
h. ___________________________
r.
____________________________
i. ___________________________
j. ___________________________
6. A preganglionic nerve fiber runs from the CNS to a(n) __a__ and the
postganglionic nerve fiber runs from __a__ to an __b__.
a.
___________________________
b. ___________________________
7. Preganglionic neurons cell bodies originate from what specific
locations in the CNS? ____________ ____________ ___________
8. The sympathetic division is also called the _______________________
division.
9. Identify the kind of autonomic ganglia based on the descriptions
given below.
a. Only Parasymapthetic nerve fibers synapse
here. ____________________________
b. Positioned in or next to effector.
____________________________
c. Usually 22 pairs.
____________________________
d. Names based on arteries they are
near.
____________________________
e. Anterior to spinal cord.
____________________________
f. Lateral to spinal cord.
____________________________
g. Only sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse
here. _________________________
10. The ratio of synapses for preganglionic to postganglionic
neurons in the sympathetic division is approximately 1 to ______
(number) while in the parasympathetic division the ratio is
approximately 1 to _____ (number).
11. Referring to question 5m, 3 examples of peripheral effectors
are:
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
12. The white ramus communicans carries __a__
(preganglionic/postganglionic) nerve fibers and/while the gray ramus
communicans carries __b__ (preganglionic/postganglionic) nerve fibers.
13. The cell bodies of the parasymapathetic division originate from
cranial nerves: _________________, __________________,
______________________, and __________________________ and from what
specific region of the spinal cord? ___________________________.
14. The alternate name for the parasympathetic division is the
__________________________ division.
15. Identify the cranial nerve from the descriptions given below.
a. Parotid salivary glands innervated.
_____________________________
b. Smooth muscles within eye controlling pupil
size. _____________________________
c. To nasal mucosa and lacrimal
glands.
_____________________________
d. Salivary glands-submandibular and
sublingual.
_____________________________
e. Houses 75-90% of all preganglionic neurons
in the body. ________________________
f. Fibers serve areas of head, neck, and upper
viscera. _____________________________
16. The sacral region of the parasympathetic division serves which
areas of the body?
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
17. Identify the division of the ANS based on the descriptions given
below.
a. Use paravertebral and prevertebral
ganglia.
_____________________________
b. Thoracolumbar.
_____________________________
c. Short preganglionic, long postganglionic
fibers. _____________________________
d. Use white and gray rami
communicantes.
_____________________________
e. Minimal branching of preganglionic nerve fibers at
synapse.
_____________________________
f. Conserves and stores energy.
_____________________________
g. Releases only ACh.
_____________________________
18. __________________ fibers release ACh at their junctions
while _______________________ fibers release NE at their junctions.
19. Cholinergic fibers include __a__ (all, most, some, no)
preganglionic axons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions,
__b__ (all, most, some, no) postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic
division, and __c__ (all, most, some, no) postganglionic axons of the
sympathetic division.
a. _________ b.
__________ c. ____________
20. ACh is inactivated by the enzyme:
____________________________.
21. Adrenergic fibers include __a__ (all, most, some, no)
postganglionic axons of the __b__ (sympathetic/parasympathetic)
division.
a. _____________________________
b. __________________________
22. Chemicals formed from a 6 carbon catechol ring and an amine
are called: _____________________.
23. There are 2 kinds of ACh receptors:
____________________ and _____________________.
24. __a__ ACh receptors are found on __b__ (all, most, some, no)
effectors innervated by PS postganglionic fibers and __c__ (all, most,
some, no) effectors innervated by S postganglionic fibers. The
effect produced is (always) __d__ (excitatory/inhibitory/both
excitatory and inhibitory depending on target organ).
a. _____________________________
c. ___________________________
c. _____________________________
d. ___________________________
25. __a__ ACh receptors are found on both S and PS postganglionic
receptors. Binding to this receptor always is __b__
(excitatory/inhibitory).
a. ____________________________
b. _________________________
26. Give the correct kind of receptor based on the information given
below.
a. Inhibition; relaxes smooth muscle along
respiratory tract-dilates
bronchi and bronchioles.
_____________________________
b. Operate by using secondary
messengers.
_____________________________
c. Increases metabolic activity; especially of
cardiac and
skeletal muscles.
_____________________________
d. Increases intracellular Ca++ from ER; constricts
blood
vessels and sphincters of digestive
tract.
_____________________________
e. Lowers cAMP in the cytoplasm; usually inhibits a
cell’s
activities.
_____________________________
f. Usually inhibits what a cell
does.
_____________________________
g. Metaprolanol and Propranolol bind to
these. _____________________________
27. Most organs have __a__; they receive fibers from the S and PS
divisions. The S division acts as the __b__ while the PS division
acts as the __c__.
a. ___________________________
c. ___________________________
b. ___________________________
28. List 3 exceptions to the generalization given in question
27.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
29. List 6 actions produced by the S and PS divisions.
S
PS
a. ___increases heart rate___________
_______decreases heart rate______
b. _____________________________
_____________________________
c. _____________________________
_____________________________
d. _____________________________
_____________________________
e. _____________________________
_____________________________
f. ______________________________
_____________________________
g. _____________________________
_____________________________
30. Automatic changes made in your internal conditions in response to
changes in your internal environment are called ____________________
reflexes.
31. The major control center for the ANS is the:
____________________________.
32. Name two functional systems of the brain that regulate ANS activity.
____________________________
____________________________
33. _____________________ is the process in which people get constant
signals about various visceral functions (e.g. blood pressure,
heart rate, etc.) and can exert control over these functions.
34. What aspects of the sympathetic system's structural design allow it
to make the appropriate responses to a fight or flight situation?
_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
35. Why does smoking or chewing tobacco products make one's body
systems more reactive? ____
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
36. What is the difference between preganglionic and postganglionic
neurons? _________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
37. What does the term beta-blocker mean?
__________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
38. Describe 5 specific effects your parasympathetic system makes on
your body. _____________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
39. The ANS neuron that runs from the CNS to a ganglion:
______________________________
40. The specific gland innervated by sympathetic fibers of the ANS:
_______________________
41. This nerve runs from paravertebral to prevertebral ganglia in the
sympathetic NS: ____________________________
42. These are the only ganglia used by the parasympathetic division:
___________________________
43. There are 3 of these ganglia positioned anterior to the vertebrae
(spinal cord): _______________________
44. There are 22 pairs of these ganglia that run parallel to the
vertebrae: ____________________________
45. The ANS regulates the activities of:
_____________________________________________________
46. The cranial nerves used by the Parasympathetic cranial
division are: _____________________________
47. The sacral region of the parasympathetic division serves which
areas (organs) of the body? ______________________________________
48. In the sympathetic division, preganglionic neurons release
the neurotransmitter ____________________ while (and) in the
parasympathetic division postganglionic neurons release the
neurotransmitter ___________________________.
49. Preganglionic neurons ________ (do/do not) possess a myelin sheath.
50. Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division usually release
the neurotransmitter called: ________________________
51. Somatic motor neurons release the neurotransmitter called:
___________________________
52. Neurons in the ANS that release NE at their synapses are said to
be: _________________________
53. Which division of the ANS disrupts homeostasis?
___________________________
54. Which division of the ANS has a low branching ratio between pre and
postganglionic neurons? __________________________
55. Which division of the ANS is known as the craniosacral division?
__________________________