Worksheet V: Lymphatic
System
1. List the 2 major components of the lymphatic
system. _______________________________
_______________________________
2. Give 3 functions of the lymphatic system.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. List 5 structures without lymph vessels.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
4. Interstitial fluid that enters lymph vessels is called
__a__. These fluids are lost from the __b__ (arterial/venule)
end
of the capillary because of __c__ pressure.
a. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
5. List the 4 categories of lymphatic vessels that lymph passes
through from the time it is first formed until it returns
to the main
circulation.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
6. Interstitial fluid, that leaks from true capillaries, is
captured by __a__ for its return to the main circulation. These
__a__ are composed of loosely joined __b__ cells that act as
__c__. Increased pressure forces open these __c__ and
more
interstitial is collected by __a__. __a__ found in the intestinal
villi are called __d__ and the lymph in these
vessels is __e__ (Give
color.) because of its high __f__ content. __a__ unite into
__g__. __g__ have the same 3
tunics as veins and travel next to
major arteries. __g__ unite to form larger vessels called
__h__. These __h__ drain
various body regions such as the lumbar,
intestinal, and subclavian regions. __h__ merge to form the 2
largest vessels
of the lymphatic system called the __i__ and
__j__. The __i__ drains lymph from the upper arm, right side of
the head
and thorax while the __j__ receives lymph from the rest of the
body. The __j__ arises as a large sac anterior to the
second
lumbar vertebrae. This large sac is called the __k__. Lymph
is returned to the main circulation at the junction
of the __l__ (Give
vein.) and the __m__ (Give vein.) on both sides of the body.
a. ______________________________
h. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
i. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
j. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
k. ______________________________
e. ______________________________
l. ______________________________
f. ______________________________
m. ______________________________
g. ______________________________
7. Lymph is transported in lymphatic vessels in a similar manner
to the way blood is transported by veins.
List 4 of these similarities.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8. There are __a__ (Give approximate number.) of lymph nodes
scattered throughout the body. Two large
clusters are found in
the __b__ and __c__ regions of the body.
a. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
9. Identify the parts or cells in a lymph node based on the
information given below.
a. Central, innermost, region of lymph
node.
______________________________
b. Outer region;
with densely packed collections of
lymphocytes called follicles.
______________________________
c. Area of lymph node where a vessel
exits.
______________________________
d. Outermost layer composed of connective
tissue. ______________________________
e. Giant WBCs that destroy bacteria by
phagocytosis.____________________________
f. Most abundant cell type in a lymph
node.
______________________________
g. Area in lymph node where lymphocytes
multiply._____________________________
h. Vessel that brings fluids into node.
______________________________
i. Specialized capillaries in nodes that slows fluid
movement.
______________________________
j. Vessel that exits from node.
_______________________________
k. Inner matrix of reticular fibers.
_______________________________
10. __a__, are a kind of WBC that arise in the bone marrow and then
migrate to lymph nodes to concentrate
and multiply. They multiply
in areas of lymph nodes called __b__ at a rate of 10 million/day.
__a__ that
originate in the bone marrow are specifically called __c__
__a__. __c__ __a__ divide rapidly in __b__ to
produce __d__
cells. __d__ cells release __e__ that help your body mount an
immune response to foreign matter.
a. ______________________________
d. ______________________________
b. ______________________________
e. ______________________________
c. ______________________________
11. List 5 other lymphoid organs besides lymph nodes.
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
12. All of the lymphoid organs listed in question #11 have 2
things in common. Name them.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
13. Identify the lymphoid organ based on the information given below.
a. Largest lymphoid organ; fist-sized.
_______________________________
b. Deep to the sternum in mediastinum.
_______________________________
c. Ring of tissue around entrance to
pharynx.
_______________________________
d. Mass of lymphoid tissue at end of
cecum.
_______________________________
e. Large isolated clusters of lymphoid tissue in
small
intestine.
_______________________________
f. Where T lymphocytes become
immunocompetent. _____________________________
g. Prevents bacteria from entering through
intestinal wall. _________________________
h. Located in left abdominal cavity just beneath
diaphragm.
______________________________
14. List 5 functions of the spleen.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
15. Name and give the location of the 3 kinds of tonsils.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
16. Why do lymph nodes swell during an illness?
____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
17. _________________________ is a disease caused by parasitic worms
blocking the lymph vessels and
nodes and preventing return of fluids
back to main circulation.
18. _________________________ disease is a malignancy of the lymph
nodes. The nodes become swollen
and painful.
19. Why do people that have had a spleenectomy later have difficulty
fighting infections? ____________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
20. Elephantiasis is a parasitic disease where filarial worms live in
the lymphatic system. With a large
infestation, what symptoms
would you expect to see? _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
21. What is chyle and why is it a different color from fluids normally
found in the lymphatic vessels? ___
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
22. How are lymphatic capillaries designed for a one-way flow?
________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
23. Lymph nodes are designed to slow blood flow. How and why do
they accomplish this? __________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Answers: Worksheet
V-Lymphatic System
1. Lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs.
2. Drains tissue spaces of protein containing fluid./Transports fats
from digestive tract to the blood./
Produces lymphocytes for our immune
system.
3. CNS,Bone,Cartilage,Epidermis,Teeth.
4. a. lymph
c.
hydrostatic
b. arterial
5. Lymphatic capillaries--Lymphatic collecting vessels--Lymphatic
trunks--Lymphatic ducts.
6. a. lymphatic capillaries
h.
lymphatic trunks
b. endothelial
i.
right lymphatic duct
c. valves
j.
thoracic duct
d. lacteals
k.
cisternae chyli
e. white
l.
internal jugular (subclavian vein)
f. fat
m. subclavian
vein (internal jugular)
g. lymphatic collecting vessels
7. Massaged by skeletal muscles./Pressure changes in
thorax./Valves./Smooth muscle in tunica media.
8. a. 100's
c. inguinal (axillary)
b. axillary (inguinal)
9. a. medulla
g.
germinal centers
b. cortex
h.
afferent vessel
c. hilus
i. sinusoids
d. capsule
j.
efferent vessel
e. Macrophages
k. stroma
f. lymphocyte (B)
10. a. Lymphocytes
d. plasma
b. germinal
centers
e. antibodies
c. B
11. Spleen, thymus, tonsils, Peyer's patches,
appendix.
12. Stroma of reticular fibers and large concentrations of
lymphocytes.
13. a. Spleen
e.
Peyer's patches
b.
Thymus
f. Thymus
c.
Tonsils
g.
Peyer's patches
d.
Appendix
h. Spleen
14. Site for lymphocyte proliferation./Initiates immune
response./Cleanses blood of old RBCs,
platelets, bacteria, and
viruses./Stores products of RBC breakdown./Produces RBCs in the fetus./
Stores platelets.
15. Palatine-each side of posterior oral cavity; Lingual-at base of the
tongue; Pharyngeal (= adenoids)-
posterior wall of nasopharynx.
16. Large amounts of cellular debri accumulate and slow fluid flow
through nodes.
17. Elephantiasis
18. Hodgkin's
19. The spleen is a site for lymphocyte proliferation and also
cleans the blood of bacteria and viruses.
20. Since the lymphatics return fluids from the interstitial
spaces back to the main circulation, any blockage
would prevent this
function. This fluid, which is mainly water, accumulates between
cells, and because
water is heavy, gravity forces it to accumulate in
the lower body regions such as the feet and legs. Additionally,
any loose or flexible tissues such as breast or scrotal skin will
enlarge dramatically.
21. Chyle is lipid-rich lymph that forms from fat absorption in the
small intestine. The lymphatic capillaries, or
lacteals, of the
small intestine pick up fat and deliver to the main circulation. Chyle
is milky white because of the
high fat content.
22. Lymphatic capillaries posses valves anchored by protein filaments
that allows them to only open inward.
Lost interstitial fluids
may enter, but not leave.
23. Externally, lymph nodes possess more afferent than efferent
vessels. Internally, they are compartmentalized by
trabeculae. Slowing of lymph flow allows debri, toxins, viruses,
and bacteria to be more completely filtered out of
the lymph fluid for
its eventual return to the main circulation.
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