1. Myology
2. Contractibility/Extensibility/Elasticity/Excitability
3. Threshold/subthreshold
4. Produces movement/Heat production/Maintains posture.
5. Stimulus
6. ADP + Pi + E
7. a. Skeletal g. Cardiac
b. Smooth h.
Skeletal
c. Cardiac i.
Smooth
d. Skeletal j. Skeletal
e. Smooth k.
Cardiac
f. Cardiac l. Smooth
8. muscle belly, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere, myofilament
9. a. Muscle belly g. Sheaths
b. Perimysium h. Tendon
c. Fascicle i. Aponeurosis
d. Muscle cell j.
Origin
e. Endomysium k. Insertion
f. Epimysium
10. Tendinitis
11. a. Muscle cell g. T tubules
b. Sarcoplasm h. Terminal
cisterna
c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum i. Myofibrils
d. Sarcolemma j. Sarcomere
e. Mitochondria k. T tubule
or system
f. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
12. a. Sarcomere f. Z line
b. Myosin g. H Zone
c. Actin h. H zone
d. A band
e. I band
13. a. myosin e. middle
b. tail f. out
c. heads g.
bare zone
d. cross-bridges
14. a. actin f. tropomyosin
b. F actin g. troponin
c. G actin h. TNI
d. active/binding i. TNT
e. 2 (Tortora says 1) j.
TNC
k. Ca++
15. ATPase
16. Ca++ increase during contraction/A bands stay same width/ I bands
decrease in width/Z lines move closer together.
17. Cross-bridge attachment/Power stroke/Cross-bridge detachment/Recock
the myosin head
18. a. Ca++ g. cross-bridge attachment
m. ATP
b. sarcoplasm h. high
n. cross-bridge detachment
c. SR i. low
o. high
d. tropomyosin j. power stroke
p. recocking the heads
e. troponin/TNC k. low
q. Ca++ pump
f. cross-bridges/heads l. ADP and Pi
19. 1%/30 and 50%
20. 1/2
21. a. Rigor mortis d. ATP
b. Ca++ e. cross-bridges
c. cross-bridge attachment f.
proteins (actin and myosin)
22. excitation-contraction coupling
23. myoneural
24. a. Synaptic end bulb
b. Synaptic cleft
c. Motor end plate
d. Synaptic vesicles
25. Binds Ca++ in the SR
26. Acetylcholine
27. Curare
28. Myasthenia gravis
29. Calmodulin
30. a. synaptic end bulb h. depolarization
b. synaptic vesicles i.
T
c. ACh j. terminal
cisterae
d. Ca++ k. Ca++
e. exocytosis l. sarcoplasm
f. synaptic cleft
m. Acetylcholinesterase
g. motor end plate
31. motor unit/4/100's
32. are not/weak
33. a. Myogram h. Incomplete tetanus
b. Wave summation i. Complete
tetanus
c. Muscle twitch j. Relaxation
phase
d. Contraction phase k.
Treppe
e. Multiple motor unit summation
f. Latent period
g. Asynchronous motor unit summation
34. Cramp
35. Increase # of Ca++ and raises temperature of muscle
36.Tension
37. Load
38. tension/load
39. isometric
40. isotonic
41. a. cross-bridges c. Z lines
b. no d. reduces
42. ATP, CP, glucose
43. ADP/creatine kinase/creatine
44. fatty acids
45. Glycolysis/Kreb's Cycle/Electron Transport System
46. glucose
47. pyruvate
48. ATPs and NADH2's
49. Anaerobic
50. Lactic acid
51. Bridge reaction to Kreb's Cycle
52. ATPs/NADH2's/FADH2's
53. CO2 and water
54. electrons/hydrogen ions
55. chemiosmosis
56. 14-17; 21/2; anaerobic
57. Muscle fatigue
58. Lack of ATPs/build-up of lactic acid/ionic imbalances created by
nonfunctioning pumps.
59. Oxygen debt
60. a. Fast-twitch reds (=fast-twitch fatigue-resistant)
b.Slow-twitch reds (=slow-twitch fatigue-resistant)
c. Fast-twitch whites (= fast-twitch
fatiguable)
d. Fast-twitch whites (= fast-twitch
fatiguable)
e. Fast-twitch reds (=fast-twitch fatigue-resistant)
f. Fast-twitch whites (= fast-twitch
fatiguable)
g. Fast-twitch whites (= fast-twitch
fatiguable)
h. Slow-twitch reds (=slow-twitch fatigue-resistant)
i. Slow-twitch reds (=slow-twitch fatigue-resistant)
61. synthesis of new myofibril units
62. Strengthens heart muscle for more efficient pumping/improves gastrointestinal
efficiency/improves delivery system for oxygen and nutrients/increases
respiratory volumes and therefore efficiency
63. atrophy
64. Smooth muscle: 1) lacks tendons, 2) lacks sheaths, 3) lacks
striations, 4) lacks Z lines (has dense bodies), 5) has gap junctions,
6) has a single nucleus, 7) lacks refined myoneural junctions, 8) derives
its Ca++ from the ECF, 9) has a low ratio (1:16 compared to 1:6) of myosin
to actin myofilaments, 10) is visceral in location, several more possible.
65. dense bodies
66. Bulbous varicosities
67. Peristalsis
68. Both use Ca++/both have actin sliding past myosin/both use
ATP.
69. ECF
70. can
71. 1%
72. ACh and Norepinephrine
73. Neural/hormonal/chemical (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.)
74. Stretch-relaxation response
75. wider
76. hyperplasia/estrogen
77. synthesis
78. Fibroblasts
79. a. Single unit
b. Multiunit
c. Multiunit
d. Single unit
e. Single unit
f. Single unit