1. The science that studies the structure of living organisms is called
______________________.
2. The science that studies the function of a particular structure
in living organisms is called _____________________.
3. List 8 levels of structural organization from the smallest to the
largest.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
___________Organism___________
4. Name the 4 most general kinds of tissues.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
5. Name 10 organ systems.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
6. A group of closely associated cells that are similar in structure
and perform a common function is called a(n): ________________________.
7. The study of tissues is called ________________________.
8. List 6 characteristics of epithelial tissues.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
9. A nonliving, acellular, adhesive material, composed of glycoproteins
and secreted by epithelial cells is called the _________________________.
10. An acellular network of collagen and reticular fibers secreted
connective tissue is called the:
__________________________.
11. The basement membrane is composed of the _________________ and
__________________.
12. Epithelial tissues are classified by their ___________________
and _____________________.
13. Name 3 shapes of epithelial cells found next to the outside
or lumen.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
14. Identify the specific kind of epithelial tissue indicated by the
following statements:
a. A single cell layer thick; cells look like
a tile floor from above. ________________________
b. A large oval nucleus, single layered.
_____________________________
c. Found in glands (such as thyroid) and kidney
tubules. _____________________________
d. Single layered; cells with round central
nucleus. _____________________________
e. Flattened laterally with reduced cytoplasm;
simple. _____________________________
f. A rare type of epithelium; usually 2 layers;
in testes. _____________________________
g. Found in the bladder and urethra.
_____________________________
h. Endothelium.
_____________________________
i. Main epithelium of the respiratory tract.
_____________________________
j. Main epithelium of the digestive tract.
_____________________________
k. Single-layered; cells look like a string
of beads. ____________________________
l. Found in alveoli of the lungs.
_____________________________
m. Cells rounded when organ is empty; squamous-like
when filled. _______________________
n. Tissue appears multilayered; all cells
touch basement membrane. ______________________
o. Found in areas subject to wear and
tear. _____________________________
p. Rare; found in conjunctiva of the
eye. _____________________________
q. Covers tongue, mouth, epidermis of
skin, vagina. _____________________________
r. Cell structure resembles a fried egg.
_____________________________
s. Multilayered and keratinized.
_____________________________
t. Brush border cells.
_____________________________
15. Name 3 modifications of simple columnar or pseudostratified epithelia.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
16. Which tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue
in the body?
_____________________________
17. Give 5 functions for connective tissues.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
18. Give 2 characteristics of connective tissues.
_____________________________
_____________________________
19. Connective tissues are composed of 3 components; name them.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
20. The matrix is made up of the ________________________ and _____________________.
21. The unstructured material that fills space between cells and
contains fibers is referred to as:
____________________________.
22. Negatively charged polysaccharides (with an attached sulfate
group) that coil and trap water are called: _______________________________.
23. Give 2 specific examples of GAGs.
____________________________
____________________________
24. Name the 3 types of fibers found in connective tissues.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
25. Identify the fiber based on the description given below.
a. Stretches and returns to original length.
_____________________________
b. Extremely tough; resists longitudinal stress.
_____________________________
c. Also called white fibers.
_____________________________
d. Most common type of fiber.
_____________________________
e. These fibers branch extensively.
_____________________________
f. Also called yellow fibers.
_____________________________
g. These fibers stretch and lock; large diameter.
_____________________________
h. Common in soft tissues of organs.
_____________________________
i. Thought to be fine collagen fibers with
slightly different chemical make-up. _____________________________
26. A mitotically active cell that secretes fibers and ground
substance is identified by the suffix ________.
27. The cell type found in connective tissue proper is a(n):
______________________________.
28. The cell type found in cartilage is a(n): ______________________________.
29. The cell type that secretes bone is a(n): ______________________________.
30. The cell type that forms blood cells is a(n): ______________________________.
31. Identify the kind of connective tissue based on the description
or location given below.
a. An areolar tissue with large numbers of
adipocytes. ______________________________
b. A loose connective tissue with a chicken
wire look. ______________________________
c. A dense connective tissue with parallel
collagen fibers. ____________________________
d. Semifluid ground substance of mostly hyaluronic
acid; loosely dispersed fibers and cells. ______________________________
e. Main tissue of the dermis.
______________________________
f. Found in ligaments and tendons.
______________________________
g. Storehouse of nutrients and E; shock absorber
and insulator. ________________________
h. Interwoven reticular fibers with reticular
cells. ______________________________
i. Forms stroma-supporting tissue of lymph
nodes, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. ______________________________
j. Collagen fibers are interwoven and
therefore irregular. _____________________________
k. Mostly elastin fibers present.
______________________________
l. Ligaments connecting adjacent vertebrae
and vocal cords. __________________________
32. List 4 kinds of connective tissues.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
33. What is Marfan's syndrome? ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
34. What advantages are given by dense regular and dense irregular connective
tissues? _________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
35. What is liposuction? __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
36. What is a biopsy? ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
37. You are given 2 unlabeled slides of the lining of the digestive
tract. Slide one has simple columnar epithelium with many goblet
cells present. Slide two has stratified, weakly keratinized, epithelium.
What parts of the digestive system are likely candidates for these two
slides and why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
38. How do elastic and collagen fibers differ? __________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
39. Distinguish between matrix and ground substance. ___________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
40. What does the term 'cellularity' mean with regard to tissues?
______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
41. Why are respiratory surfaces lined with ciliated and goblet
epithelia? _____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
42. Why is pseudostratified epithelium classified as simple? _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
43. Are all the cells of stratified columnar or stratified cuboidal
epithelia columnar or cuboidal in shape? Explain. ________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
44. Give at least one function for the organelles listed below.
a. endoplasmic reticulum _____________________________________________________
b. golgi body ______________________________________________________________
c. lysosome _______________________________________________________________
d. ribosome _______________________________________________________________
e. nucleolus _______________________________________________________________
f. mitochondrion ___________________________________________________________
g. vesicle ________________________________________________________________
45. Why are stratified epithelial tissues usually shed in sheets rather
than individual cells? _________
_____________________________________________________________________________